【剑桥大学最新研究】TCD自动探头监护系统:TBI患者采用TCD获得最优脑灌注压

摘自:Acta Neurochirurgica
作者:Frederick A. Zeiler & Marek Czosnyka & Peter Smielewski

摘要

2018年9月29日,剑桥大学Marek Czosnyka教授等人在最新一期的《Acta Neurochirurgica》发表最新研究:通过采用自动探头,可以获得危重TBI患者的长程脑血流记录,从而获得基于TCD脑血管反应指数的接近最优的脑灌注压。随着自动探头技术的不断进步,更长的记录成为可能,人员工时投入减少,TBI患者使用连续无间断的TCD监测将成为神经多模态监测的标准配置。

方法

 本研究通过配备自动探头监护系统的经颅多普勒系统DelicaEMS-9D(德力凯,中国深圳,http://www.delicasz.com/html/en)进行MCACBFV的TCD评估。该系统允许使用1.6MHz自动TCD探头连续长程记录MCA CBFV,并具有纠正探头移位的自动校正算法。

    我们的目标是同时记录来自所有设备的3~4h的连续数据。由于常规TCD监测时间的限制,以前我们小组关于各设备参数关系的工作只能记录到0.5~1小时的连续数据。

    根据Delica自动探头的技术规格,1.6MHz多普勒探头的热指数小于1.0,在大多数情况下热指数小于0.5。因此,根据英国医学超声协会提供的成人TCD指南,该装置的热指数在可能“无限”的TCD连续监测时间范围内是可接受的,同时遵守“ALARA”原则。因此,使用该系统进行长程监护,不存在组织发热的问题。

结论

随着自动探头监护系统的应用,重症外伤性脑损伤患者进行长程血流监护成为可能,允许使用基于TCD的脑血管反应指数来近似获得最佳脑灌注压。随着自动探头技术的不断发展,更长的血流监测记录成为可能,医生投入工时大大减少,TBI患者使用连续无间断的TCD监测将成为神经多模态监测的标准配置。

Abstract
Individualized cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) targets may be derived via assessing the minimum of the parabolic relationship between an index of cerebrovascular reactivity and CPP. This minimum is termed the optimal CPP (CPPopt), and literature suggests that the further away CPP is from CPPopt, the worse is clinical outcome in adult traumatic brain injury (TBI). Typically,CPPopt estimation is based on intracranial pressure (ICP)-derived cerebrovascular reactivity indices, given ICP is commonly measured and provides continuous long duration data streams. The goal of this study is to describe for the first time the application of robotic transcranial Doppler (TCD) and the feasibility of determining CPPopt based on TCD autoregulation indices.
Introduction
Continuous monitoring of cerebrovascular reactivity in traumatic brain injury (TBI) is becoming increasingly common in the multi-modal monitoring (MMM) of critically ill patients [10, 11, 16]. To date, support for such monitoring has arisen within international consensus statements [10, 16]. Such support is centered on what is considered the Bgold standard^continuous index, pressure reactivity index (PRx—correlation between intracranial pressure (ICP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP)) [11], given its association with global outcome in TBI and validation in experimental animal models against the lower limit of autoregulation [4, 23, 32]. Furthermore, literature supports the association of PRx-derived Bpersonalized^cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) targets (referred to as CPP optimum or CPPopt) and global outcome[19].Numerous other continuous indices of cerebrovascular reactivity exist in the TBI literature [31, 32], derived from other invasive and non-invasive monitoring devices, including transcranial Doppler (TCD)-based measures. Indices based on TCD mean flow velocity (FVm) and systolic flow velocity (FVs) have been linked to global outcome in adult TBI [6, 22] and are known to be reasonably strongly associated with ICPderived indices, such as PRx [30, 33].
……。
Signal acquisition
Various signals were obtained through a combination of invasive and non-invasive methods. Arterial blood pressure (ABP) was obtained through either radial or femoral arterial lines connected to pressure transducers (Baxter Healthcare Corp.CardioVascular Group, Irvine, CA). ICP was acquired via an intra-parenchymal strain gauge probe (Codman ICP MicroSensor; Codman & Shurtleff Inc., Raynham, MA). Zeroing of the arterial line occurred at the level of the tragus during the course of this study.
Finally, TCD assessment of MCA CBFV was conducted via a robotic TCD system,the Delica EMS 9D (Delica, Shenzhen, China, http://www.delicasz.com/html/en). This system allows for continuous extended duration recording of MCA CBFV, using 1.6 MHz robotically controlled TCD probes, with automated correction algorithms for probe shift.We aimed to record 3 to 4 h of continuous data from all devices simultaneously, given the previous work from our group on inter-index relationships focused on recording durations of only 0.5- to 1-h duration due to limitations of conventional TCD [22, 30]. Based on manufacturer specifications of the Delica robotic TCD system, the thermal index for the 1.6 MHz Doppler probes is less than 1.0, with the index less than 0.5 in most cases. As such, in keeping with the guidelines for adult TCD provided by the British Medical Ultrasound Society, the thermal index for the device is in the range acceptable for potentially Bunlimited^ TCD duration, while adhering to the principles of Bas low as reasonably achievable^(ALARA) [5, 12, 13]. Thus, there were no concerns with tissue heating as a result of the extended duration recordings using this system. Brain temperature, local or global, was not recorded in this patient cohort. Figure 1 displays the robotic TCD device and set up for recording in critical ill TBI patients.……

欲知具体研究过程,请点击20181018135428274.pdf